20 Ancient Temples You Can Visit Across Asia
Asia, a continent steeped in history and culture, is dotted with ancient temples that offer a window into the past. These structures are not just architectural marvels but also serve as bearers of the rich heritage and religious practices of yesteryears. Venturing into these sacred grounds provides a unique blend of spiritual enlightenment and historical insight, making each visit a memorable journey through time. Here’s a curated list of 20 ancient temples across Asia that stand as testament to the continent’s glorious past.
1. Angkor Wat (A sunrise worth waking up for)
Angkor Wat in Cambodia is more than just a temple complex; it’s a symbol of national pride and the largest religious monument in the world. Built in the early 12th century, it originally served as a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu before transitioning into a Buddhist site. What makes Angkor Wat truly stand out is its stunning architecture and the intricate bas-reliefs that line its walls, depicting various Hindu epics. Tourists often gather before dawn to witness the breathtaking sunrise behind its iconic spires. This moment alone makes a visit to Angkor Wat an unforgettable experience.
2. Borobudur (A Buddhist marvel with a view)
Located in Central Java, Indonesia, Borobudur is the world’s largest Buddhist temple. Dating back to the 9th century, this majestic structure is famed for its nine stacked platforms adorned with intricate relief panels and hundreds of Buddha statues. What’s captivating about Borobudur is its setting amidst lush greenery and the panoramic view of the surrounding landscape from the top. The temple symbolizes the path to enlightenment, with each level representing a stage of Buddhist cosmology. It’s a serene place where history and spirituality merge beautifully.
3. The Golden Temple (A gold-encased sanctuary)
The Golden Temple, or Harmandir Sahib, located in Amritsar, India, is not just a central religious place of the Sikhs but also a symbol of brotherhood and equality. Unlike the ancient stone temples of yesteryears, this temple is distinguished by its gold-plated facade, which gleams under the sun, creating a mesmerizing sight. Built over a man-made pool in the 16th century, the temple complex houses the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism. Visitors are struck by the temple’s peaceful atmosphere and the communal meal service, or Langar, which feeds thousands daily. The Golden Temple offers a unique blend of spiritual nourishment and architectural splendor.
4. The Temple of Heaven (A divine connection in Beijing)
The Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China, is an expansive complex of religious buildings symbolizing the relationship between earth and heaven. Constructed during the 15th century under the Yongle Emperor, it’s where emperors would perform annual ceremonies to guarantee a good harvest. The architecture is a feast for the eyes, with the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests being a standout, featuring a triple-gabled circular structure. The temple’s design reflects ancient Chinese cosmological laws and emphasizes the harmony between architectural elements and the natural world. It’s a serene oasis in the bustling capital, offering insight into China’s imperial rituals.
5. Prambanan (A tale of Hindu gods in stone)
Prambanan is a striking Hindu temple complex located near Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It dates back to the 9th century and is dedicated to the Trimurti gods: Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Keeper, and Shiva the Destroyer. The temple is renowned for its tall and slender structures, the largest of which towers over the site at 47 meters high. Each temple is intricately decorated with stone carvings that tell ancient Hindu epics, including the Ramayana. Prambanan is a testament to the artistic and architectural prowess of Java’s ancient builders and offers a fascinating glimpse into Hindu mythology.
6. Kiyomizu-dera (A wooden wonder on stilts)
Kiyomizu-dera, nestled in the heart of Kyoto, Japan, is an iconic Buddhist temple that dates back to the late 8th century. It’s most famous for its wooden stage that juts out from the main hall, supported by tall pillars, overlooking a picturesque view of cherry and maple trees. This architectural marvel was constructed without the use of a single nail. The temple is associated with Kannon, the deity of mercy and compassion, and attracts visitors who come to drink the water of its Otowa Waterfall, believed to have wish-granting powers. The blend of natural beauty and architectural genius makes Kiyomizu-dera a must-visit destination.
7. Wat Pho (Home of the Reclining Buddha)
Bangkok’s Wat Pho is famous for housing the impressive Reclining Buddha statue, which is 46 meters long and covered in gold leaf. But there’s more to this temple than just the statue. Established in the 16th century, Wat Pho is also considered Thailand’s first public university and is a leading center for traditional Thai massage and medicine. The temple complex is a sprawling maze of stupas adorned with ceramic tiles, murals, and the murmur of chanting monks. It’s a place where art, education, and spirituality intertwine seamlessly.
8. Todai-ji (Housing the world’s largest bronze Buddha)
In the historic city of Nara, Japan, Todai-ji temple stands as a testimony to the power and influence of Buddhism in ancient Japan. Built in the 8th century, it is home to the world’s largest bronze statue of the Buddha Vairocana, known as Daibutsu. The Great Buddha Hall, which houses the statue, is an architectural marvel in itself, being one of the largest wooden structures in the world. Visitors are often awestruck by the sheer scale of the Buddha statue, which exudes a calm yet imposing presence. Todai-ji is not just a temple; it’s a journey back to the zenith of Buddhist art and culture in Japan.
9. Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (A city within a temple)
Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, located in Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, India, is not just a temple but a sprawling complex that feels like a city in itself. Dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu, this temple is considered the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world. With its 21 towering gopurams (gateway towers), the tallest of which stands at an impressive 73 meters, the temple is a stunning example of Dravidian architecture. Inside, the air is thick with devotion, and the intricate carvings and paintings tell stories of gods and legends. The temple is a living heritage site, where traditional rituals and festivals breathe life into ancient stones.
10. Pashupatinath Temple (A sacred abode of Shiva)
Located on the banks of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu, Nepal, the Pashupatinath Temple is one of the most sacred Hindu shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva. This sprawling temple complex dates back to the 5th century and is a center for the worship of the Shiva Linga. The site is renowned for its ghats (river steps), where traditional cremations take place, providing a unique insight into Hindu rites of passage. The temple’s architecture is a mix of pagoda and dome styles, adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions. It’s a place where the cycle of life and death is observed with reverence and provides a profound spiritual experience for visitors.
11. Sukhothai Historical Park (The dawn of Thai architecture)
Sukhothai Historical Park, located in northern Thailand, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that offers a glimpse into the early days of Thai civilization. It’s home to the ruins of Sukhothai, which was the first capital of Thailand in the 13th century. The park is dotted with impressive temples, statues, and ponds, showcasing the unique Sukhothai style of architecture, which is characterized by graceful lotus-bud chedis and elegant Buddha statues. The central area, Wat Mahathat, stands as the spiritual heart of the kingdom, surrounded by a moat. Exploring this ancient city is like walking through a living museum, where each structure tells a story of faith, artistry, and power.
12. Bagan (A landscape littered with temples)
The ancient city of Bagan in Myanmar is a sight to behold, with over 2,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas, and monasteries scattered across its plains. Dating back to the 9th century, this archaeological zone was once the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute modern Myanmar. The temples of Bagan are renowned for their breathtaking architecture and mural paintings that depict scenes from the Jataka tales and the life of Buddha. Visitors can explore the site by bicycle, e-bike, or even hot air balloon, offering a unique perspective of this vast temple landscape at sunrise or sunset. Bagan is not just a place; it’s an experience that transports you to a bygone era of devotion and splendor.
13. Sigiriya (An ancient rock fortress)
Sigiriya, located in the central Matale District of Sri Lanka, is often referred to as the “Eighth Wonder of the World.” This ancient rock fortress was built by King Kasyapa in the 5th century and features a massive column of rock nearly 200 meters high. The site is famous for its frescoes, which are painted on the rock face, and the Mirror Wall, originally polished so thoroughly that the king could see his reflection. The gardens, which are among the oldest landscaped gardens in the world, add to the beauty of Sigiriya, making it a masterpiece of ancient urban planning. The climb to the top offers breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside, making it a rewarding experience for those who make the ascent.
14. Wat Arun (The Temple of Dawn)
Wat Arun, located on the banks of the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok, Thailand, is an architectural representation of Mount Meru, the center of the world in Buddhist cosmology. Known as the Temple of Dawn, it’s famous for its towering spire (prang) which is beautifully decorated with tiny pieces of colored glass and Chinese porcelain, glinting in the sunlight. The temple dates back to the 17th century but gained its distinctive spires during the reign of King Rama II in the early 19th century. Climbing the steep steps of the central prang rewards visitors with a panoramic view of the winding river and the city beyond. Wat Arun is not only a significant religious site but also a testament to the creativity and craftsmanship of Thailand’s artisans.
15. Uluwatu Temple (Perched on a cliff edge)
Uluwatu Temple, or Pura Luhur Uluwatu, is one of Bali’s six key spiritual pillars and one of the most scenic temples on the island. Perched on a steep cliff 70 meters above the Indian Ocean, it offers spectacular views, especially at sunset. This Balinese sea temple was established in the 11th century and is dedicated to Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa in his manifestation as Rudra. The temple is also famous for its Kecak fire dances, performed by local dancers at dusk against the backdrop of the setting sun. The combination of culture, history, and natural beauty makes Uluwatu Temple a captivating destination for visitors.
16. Jokhang Temple (The heart of Tibetan Buddhism)
The Jokhang Temple, located in Lhasa, Tibet, is the spiritual center of Tibetan Buddhism and the most sacred temple in Tibet. Founded in the 7th century by King Songtsen Gampo, it houses a life-sized statue of the Buddha Sakyamuni at the age of twelve, which is considered the most venerated object in Tibetan Buddhism. The temple’s architecture is a harmonious blend of Indian, Tibetan, Nepalese, and Chinese styles, reflecting the multicultural influences on Tibet. Pilgrims from all over Tibet come to Jokhang to perform prostrations and circumambulate the temple, making it a place of vibrant devotion and spiritual activity. The energy and devotion palpable at Jokhang Temple offer a profound experience for all who visit.
17. Senso-ji (Tokyo’s oldest temple)
Senso-ji, located in the Asakusa district of Tokyo, Japan, is the city’s oldest temple and a site of great historical significance. Founded in 645 AD, it is dedicated to the bodhisattva Kannon, and its imposing Thunder Gate (Kaminarimon) with its giant red lantern is iconic. The approach to the temple, Nakamise Dori, is lined with stalls selling traditional snacks and souvenirs, offering a lively atmosphere that blends the old with the new. Inside, the temple grounds are a peaceful haven, with the main hall, a five-storied pagoda, and a lovely garden. Senso-ji is a vibrant testament to Tokyo’s ability to preserve its heritage amidst rapid modernization.
18. Virupaksha Temple (A pillar of Hampi’s ruins)
Virupaksha Temple, located in the ancient city of Hampi, Karnataka, India, is a significant remnant of the city’s once-glorious past. The temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, dates back to the 7th century but flourished under the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century. Its towering gopuram is visible from afar, serving as a landmark amidst the sprawling ruins of Hampi. The temple’s architecture is a stunning example of Vijayanagara style, featuring intricate carvings and a large courtyard. Despite the passage of time, Virupaksha Temple remains an active place of worship and a link to India’s historical and spiritual heritage.
19. Ginkaku-ji (The Silver Pavilion that isn’t silver)
Ginkaku-ji, or the Silver Pavilion, is a Zen temple located in Kyoto, Japan, that contrasts sharply with its golden counterpart, Kinkaku-ji. Despite its name, the temple was never covered in silver; instead, it is known for its beautiful sand garden and the meticulously maintained moss garden that surrounds the pavilion. Built in the late 15th century as a retirement villa for Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the shogun intended to cover it in silver to emulate the Golden Pavilion, but those plans were never realized. Ginkaku-ji is a masterpiece of the Muromachi period, reflecting the Japanese aesthetic of wabi-sabi, which finds beauty in simplicity and impermanence. The temple and its gardens offer a tranquil retreat from the bustling city, inviting visitors to reflect and find peace.
20. Dambulla Cave Temple (A sacred cave complex)
The Dambulla Cave Temple in Sri Lanka is a remarkable complex of five caves, transformed into shrine rooms containing over 150 statues of the Buddha, dating back to the 1st century BC. The rock ceilings are covered in intricate murals, totaling over 2,100 square meters, depicting scenes from the Buddha’s life and the history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. This UNESCO World Heritage site is the best-preserved cave temple complex in the country. The combination of natural rock, vivid paintings, and ancient statues creates an atmosphere of serenity and spiritual power. Visitors to Dambulla are immersed in the depth of Sri Lanka’s Buddhist heritage, making it a profound and enlightening experience.
This article was written by a human and edited with AI Assistance
